Essay On Prostitution Example For Students

Article On Prostitution Category:Social IssuesPaper Title:prostitutionText:Prostitute ProfileContrary to the well known generalization of all whores being break victimpersons who were brought up in single parent families on an inappropriate side of thetracks, whores fluctuate enormously in their experience. In an examination by the CRD on whores in Victoria, a whores profile is asfollows:Most whores were from littler urban communities on the Island, or from the suburbsof Victoria, instead of global prostitution circuits,Many do have a background marked by school, mental, or family issues. These problemshave drove them to begin drinking, taking medications, in the long run winding up in fosterhomes, which drove them to the lanes. After these issues have created, the progress to the sex exchange for theyouths is donerather rapidly. In B.C, the normal time of little youngsters entering the sex exchange is an inauspicious 14years old. The greater part of the 75 whores had dropped out of secondary school at about the grade10 level, brought about by weariness with school, or substance misuse issues that wereso terrible that they couldnt adapt to class. Many, likewise experienced AttentionDeficit Syndrome and other menatl issue at a youthful age. These disordersincluded wretchedness and particularly dietary problems for the young ladies. Once, completely adjusted to the startling, discouraging existence of prostitution, the sexworkers are continually embarrassed by their johns, pimps, and by passers-by onthe road. To leave the sex exchange is as hard as leaving a chronic drug use. Notonly is the life irresistible, numerous pimps don't permit these young ladies to leave. Onegirl revealed to her Pimp that she was leaving, he picked to cut her on the neck andarms with a blade. Prostitues live in steady dread for their life. They dread a baddate, which characterized by a whore, she was apprehensive winding up dead onsomebodys washroom floor. There is additionally the dread of what their pimp will do tothem on the off chance that they dont get enough cash. To the whores, the absence of a positive effect on them makes thesex-exchange that a lot harder to free themselves of. Many have no companions on theoutside, nor anybody around them that they trust. They dont know how and ifsociety will acknowledge them, or on the off chance that they will have the option to make companions who arent inthe sex exchange. For other people, its the dependence on drugs that forestalls them fromleaving. Social Issues

Essential of Marketing Strategies Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Essential of Marketing Strategies. Answer: Presentation Developing a showcasing plan is fundamental to counter any test that may intrude on the normal result of the arrangement. Furthermore, amarketing plan contains numerous basic components in it; be that as it may, every single such component have distinctive degree for various types of promoting plan (Krasnikov and Jayachandran 2013). The present examination is focused on internet showcasing for my design apparel association. This will require an orderly and an increasingly organized wanting to execute according to the desires and to screen the following of the advancement. Showcasing plan: Target clients The item picked for advancing it online is the in vogue kids dress. The initial step will characterize the objective client with the advancement (Morgan 2012). The objective client for the items is certainly the children; in any case, the advancement is planned for drawing in the person born after WW2 gathering. They are the person who all will buy the materials for their children. Furthermore, my association sells kids apparel of premium cost, in this way the objective clients will be upper-working class in the UK. Chosen stage Web based life stages will be utilized; be that as it may, this is essential to choose the attainable stage (Truong and Hall 2013). This will help in catch the eye of children of post war America and will assist with arriving at the intended interest group. Furthermore, my association will utilize web based promoting plan through Facebook and Twitter showcasing procedure so as to arrive at the objective clients. At present, Facebook is the biggest online networking webpage with 2 billion month to month dynamic clients and Twitter has 330 million clients all inclusive in 2017. Web based advertising plan My associations PR group is going to open internet based life accounts on Facebook and Twitter. From that point, we will examine about the objectives and USP of our children garments area. Through online networking, it is simpler to arrive at the clients through short recordings, pictures and messages. Facebook and Twitter give the chance to give ads on their destinations at least estimating. As the association is in UK, the PR group will investigate about socioeconomics. From that point, the PR needs to pick the calendar of the Facebook and Twitter showcasing. This is extremely significant and this ought to be extremely appealing in online networking pages. Development has a major task to carry out in arranging the Ad content. The Ad substance will incorporate some interfacing words, for example, yours. This will likewise incorporate some passionate words, for example, ameliorating and unwinding. The Ad substance will be loaded with hardly any pictures of top of the line materials. This is required to impact the purchasing conduct of clients. An Ad containing appealing conveyable messages with some alluring pictures, status, recordings, writings, stories and connections do help in catches the eye of the clients (Smith, Fischer and Yongjian 2012). Drawing in the clients on Facebook and Twitter is most significant thing and my PR group will associate first with the clients and in the event that, clients get some information about any question, the PR group will reply back respectfully. So as to connect with the clients on web based showcasing plan, it should empower the clients to discuss the association. Additionally, PR group will likewise utilize the online networking systematic device so as to cause client to fulfill and connect via web-based networking media. It is expected to lead the clients into clients through online life. Posting the sites connect via web-based networking media pages can expand the traffic on site. Exercises Facebook Twitter Web based life webpage center Basically content, pictures, stories Basically recordings and pictures Organization brand nearness Facebook Business Page Profile page (hashtag) Viral brand presentation Likes, remarks and offer Retweets or follows Effect on web traffic Direct connection of site and online business Direct connection with content posted Publicizing openings Facebook promotions Premium promotions Supported promotions Advanced tweets Advanced patterns Advanced records Content posting time Between 1pm 7pm Between 9pm 11pm Table: Social media showcasing plan (Source: Self-create) Financial plan This is another significant fragment of the web based promoting for the picked item. This ought to be pre-arranged so as to manage the uses required for the web based showcasing (Potocan 2016). The expense of web based promoting will be roughly around 250 consistently. The web based showcasing will proceed till a year since the time its beginning. The expense is referenced for a solitary month. Both Facebook and Twitter stages will be utilized for a year so as to arrive at the objective clients. Observing the web based advertising effort The following of the exhibition should be possible with the assistance of certain stunts, for example, doling out coupon or deals codes for setting every ad. It is critical to gauge the change rates at the chose online networking stages. This will be computes dependent on hits every day. The quantity of hits every day will tell that in the case of everything is going as indicated by the arrangement or there is a need to get a few changes the current advertisement quality (Ludwig et al. 2013). In addition, ROI (Return of Investment) strategies can be useful to comprehend the change rate (Berthon et al. 2012). Besides, following and investigating the online exercises should be possible by web based life scientific apparatuses like Socialbakers, Google Analytics, Buffer, Buffer and others. My association will utilize Hotsuite programming so as to draw in the clients and to comprehend the brains of the clients. Way to deal with gain understanding for the promoting plan From the outset, building alliance among all the divisions is required and the web based advertising plan will be sent to the offices for comprehension. From there on, the way to deal with get the concurrence on the built advertising plan will be to send an endorsement looking for letter to the senior branch of the organization. This is required as the necessary financial plan and the related assets need a huge speculation. A speculation can never occur without a legitimate worry from the companys executives. Moreover, a point by point plan including the costs and the related exercises are should have been introduced to the executives of the organization. The showcasing plan can never occur without a noteworthy endorsement from the chiefs of the organization (McDonald and Wilson 2016). The senior advertiser needs to make a dream of the showcasing plan it is progressively similar to a projection to the official sheets. Additionally, the originator of the arrangement must not release all the data about the showcasing before the introduction. Keeping the arrangement new and conveying the introduction with certainty pulls better opportunity to favor it. Assessment measures for the promoting plan There are different ways, which can be utilized to gauge or assess the viability of an executed advertising plan. Those ways incorporate however are not constrained to, for example, Return on Investment (ROI), Brand Value, Customer Satisfaction and Market Share. For the specific internet advertising plan, two methodologies will be sued to assess its adequacy. The first of the procedure is the Brand Value. The reason behind the web based showcasing was to get solid reactions on the picked items (Krasnikov and Jayachandran 2013). Everything relies upon how they execute the arrangement. This additionally relies gigantically upon the companys chiefs as their backings are absolutely required. Their endorsement will just help the arrangement with the necessary financing and the related assets. In addition, the Ad group should be inventive in giving the Ad an appealing look. It is in fact vital that the Ad merits getting. This just implies the target will serve in improving the brand acknow ledgment into a more extensive client base. An internet showcasing will in the long run help in coming to a more extensive client base. In addition, the quantity of hit in the diverse picked internet based life stages for the picked Ad will characterize the degree of accomplishment accomplished. The degree of brand acknowledgment will characterize a specific degree of progress accomplished. Another technique for assessment will be the Market Share. A raised piece of the overall industry will characterize the distinctions happened because of the change promoting techniques. Pieces of the overall industry will possibly characterize the height when there is an ascent in the deals or there is a decent reaction to the picked product offering (Kumar and Mirchandani 2012). End The style attire association has its essentialness nearness in the United Kingdom or in some different pieces of world. The organization has earned great notoriety in the retailing business. Be that as it may, the rising rivalry in the retailing business at less expensive costs and quality item has made the earnestness to have a powerful methodology to catch the current and the other new market with some viable showcasing methodologies. The examination has precisely delivered a similar result. The senior advertising supervisor in the chose organization has arranged some viable web based showcasing methodologies for some explicitly profoundly selling results of it. The arrangement is powerful thus the chose product offering. References Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. also, Shapiro, D., 2012. Advertising meets Web 2.0, internet based life, and innovative shoppers: Implications for worldwide promoting strategy.Business horizons,55(3), pp.261-271. Krasnikov, A. also, Jayachandran, S., 2013, May. The general effect of showcasing, innovative work, and tasks abilities on firm execution. American Marketing Association. Kumar, V. also, Mirchandani, R., 2012. Expanding the ROI of internet based life marketing.MIT Sloan Management Review,54(1), p.55. Ludwig, S., De Ruyter, K., Friedman, M., Brggen, E.C., Wetzels, M. also, Pfann, G., 2013. More than words: The impact of full of feeling content and semantic style coordinates in online surveys on transformation rates.Journal of Marketing,77(1), pp.87-103. McDonald, M. what's more, Wi

4 Ways to Boost Your Resilience for Tough Times

4 Ways to Boost Your Resilience for Tough Times More in Self-Improvement Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships Survivors of natural disasters, victims of abuse and neglect, and soldiers who have seen the worst of war up close know the truth all too well: There is no shortage of adversity in life. Whether it’s a minor setback or a major trauma, we all endure hardships. The differences among us lie not only in the shape hardship takes but also in how we respond to it. Do you find yourself weighed down by your seemingly unlucky lot in life? Or do you embrace the struggle? Resilience is the ability to cope with adversity and to use challenges to forge strength and prosperity. Having resilience does not mean that you don’t struggle, make mistakes, or need to ask for help. Resilient people keep plugging along even when the situation becomes ugly or exhausting. They learn from their mishaps and misfortunes, and they rely on others with confidence and trust. Even when tragedy strikes, growth is possible. The positive changes that result from a traumatic experience are called post-traumatic growth. These changes can include a deeper appreciation for life, a bolstered sense of one’s own capabilities, and stronger connections to others. Whether the struggles you face are traumas or everyday setbacks, being resilient will help you gain greater control over your own path and cultivate positive change. These four strategies can build your resilience reserves. Reframe Your Interpretations Resilient people find a way to explain their situations in a more positive light while still accepting reality. Imagine a news broadcast interviewing victims of a natural disaster a year later. Some brood: “We’ll never get our lives back.” Others find the silver lining: “This was the worst thing that’s ever happened to me, but this community has come together and shown its strength in so many unbelievable ways.” We have the ability to decide how we’re going to interpret the adversities we face.  When we work to find an appreciation for what weve gained as we persevere, we develop a more grateful approach to living. The hardship that scars us also grants us wisdom. When all you see is negative, broaden your perspective by asking yourself, “What good has come about as a result of this adversity?” Identify What You Can Control Optimists are among the most resilient of us, and they succeed by virtue of focusing their attention on how they can make their situations better. When faced with a challenge, pessimistic thinkers are more likely to be blind to opportunities to enact positive changes. In short, they adopt a victim mentality. Optimists maintain a more accurate view of the control they do have. Consider Admiral James Stockdale’s trials as a prisoner of war in Vietnam. The Stockdale Paradox, a term coined by author Jim Collins, is the recipe for resilience that combines a harsh and objective assessment of reality (“Being a prisoner of war is awful”) with confidence and faith that drive hope (“This will get better and I can make it better”). Despite being stuck in solitary confinement, Stockdale and his fellow prisoners developed a system of tapping to communicate with one another. Once they could communicate, they could support each other.?? Realistic optimism identifies points of controlâ€"in this case, the ability to communicateâ€"and takes advantage of them. Resilience is the act of taking a step forward despite dire circumstances. When we look critically for something we can control, we lay out the path for ourselves.   When you feel stuck or bogged down in adversity, find one thing you have control over and take action on it. Seek Support There are many images in our culture of the self-reliant, lone hero whose personal willpower provides enough strength to withstand any obstacle. But while personal strength matters a lot, it is ultimately a sense of community that enables true resilience. Studies of children undergoing significant hardship find that kids who have one adult in their lives who provide stability and support are much more likely to do well than kids who don’t. The ability to relate and process one’s struggles in the context of a safe relationship buffer against many of the potential negative effects of childhood trauma.?? And relationship benefits extend to adults. Consider Stockdale and his fellow prisoners. Their communication system fostered a were in this together mindset.?? Knowing that there’s someone else out there who cares is invaluable when we’re facing a hardship. Tending to your most important relationships when times are good builds the trust and intimacy that will help those relationships stay strong when adversity hits. Embrace Challenge and Failure Failure is hard for many of us to take. We’d rather step back from a challenging situation than risk making a fool of ourselves. But when we adopt the perspective that challenge can strengthen us, and that we can learn from both successes and failures, we’re exercising our resilience muscles. This is not to say that we should seek adversity. But finding small, manageable ways to challenge yourself builds confidence. Take that class you’ve been interested in. Make that phone call you’ve been avoiding. Push your limits little by little and adopt a view of exploration and curiosity. Whether you soar or crash and burn, you’re gaining knowledge and insight. Identifying with the process of trying, rather than outcomes, is a resilience-building approach to life. A Word From Verywell Everyone has varying levels of resilience, but it is a skill you can work to build. Put in the effort to develop it before you encounter hardship, and youll be able to meet challenges and learn from them. Quiz: How Resilient Are You?

Learning About Alzheimer s And How It Affects One s Life...

Learning about Alzheimer’s and how it affects one’s life. Leann Lancaster Miller-Motte Technical College MA111 Anatomy Physiology 15 Sept Learning about Alzheimer’s and how it affects one’s life. Alzheimer’s affects more than five million Americans and is the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. One in three seniors dies with Alzheimer’s or another form of dementia, and it causes more deaths than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined (Alzheimer’s Association ®, 2016). The number of people with Alzheimer’s grows daily and is expected to continue to increase tremendously over the years to come. So what is Alzheimer’s and what are the effects it has on one’s life? Alzheimer’s is a form of dementia, dementia being a general term for a decrease in mental ability that is so severe it can interfere with one’s daily life. Alzheimer’s affects one’s behavior, memory, and the way they think. Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia and accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases (Alzheimer’s Association ®, 2016). In people who have Alzheimer s, they are usually over the age of 65, but early onset Alzheimer’s can be found in those 40-50 years of age. Alzheimer’s affects the brain and the brain’s functions, resulting in brain cells to wither and die. Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease and begins to damage the brain before signs become noticeable in most people. Patients that suffer from Alzheimer’s start to form clumps or clusters ofShow MoreRelatedThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1421 Words   |  6 PagesFirst memory is affected gradually getting worse. Then one is unable to think properly, reason, and lacks of self control. Gaps are formed in the brain s ventricles, due to the amount of dead tissue. In the end, it will lead to death. All of this may sound like something from a science fiction movie but infact its very real. These are all known possible symptoms of a common disease that affects about millions of Americans. It is known as Alzheimer s disease (AD), and I plan on explaining it a bit moreRead MoreInfluence Of Mental Health And Families, Friends, And Other Close Personal Relationship s1585 Words   |  7 Pagesother close personal relationships, specifically Alzheimer s disease. Alzheimer s Disease is a progressive form of dementia, that damages the brain in all areas of the brain, but affects the hippocampus essential to memory and learning. Atrophy: genders global dysfunction progression corresponds with symptoms of the disease memory, mood, language, and recognition to daily tasks. Negative stigma surrounding mental illnesses, and misconceptions about the people who suffer these disorders. We stereotypingRead More Factors, Symptoms and Treatment of Alzheimers Disease Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer Disease 1 Alzheimer Disease Introduction This research paper will examine factors, signs of symptoms, treatment, when to visit a doctor and how to care for a love one with Alzheimer disease. In the early stages of the disease, scientists have estimated that 500,000 people in their 30’s, 40’s and 50’s that have Alzheimer disease or a related dementiaRead MoreDealing With Dementia Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesissues were due to a disease. (Life with ALZ)† This disease causes the loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. Dementia, is one form of this disease that gradually gets worse over time. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior. (WebMD, 1995) â€Å"Changes that take place in the brains of people. These brain changes may cause the memory loss and decline in other mental abilities that occur with Alzheimers disease. 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The memoir went exactly how I thought it would be. Bette Ann Markowitz’s situation of taking care of a parent who has Alzheimer is very common; having an aging parent who can no longer fend for themselves. Markowitz is not an only childRead MoreAlzheimers Disease Health Promotion Case Study1255 Words   |  6 PagesSTAGES Alzheimer s Disease Health Promotion Case Study Part 2: Gender, Culture, and Developmental Stages February 18,1999 Gender, Culture, and Developmental Stages Introduction This section will discuss the impact of Alzheimer s disease on racial, cultural, and gender variables, with the focus being on the various approaches to care of the disease. Developmental stages and tasks will be discussed for both the client and the caregiver. Gender and Culture Alzheimer s disease andRead MoreThe Problem Based Learning # 1 : Alzheimer s Disease1075 Words   |  5 PagesProblem Based Learning #1: Alzheimer’s Disease Student Name: Date: SID: M.E. is a 62-year-old woman who has a 5-year history of progressive forgetfulness. She is no longer able to care for herself, has become increasingly depressed and paranoid, and recently started a fire in the kitchen. After extensive neurologic evaluation, M.E. is diagnosed as having Alzheimer s disease. Her husband and children have come to the Alzheimer s unit at your extended care facility for information about this diseaseRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Type Of Dementia910 Words   |  4 Pagesthinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time. Alzheimer s is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss. Alzheimer s disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Alzheimer’s disease attacks the brain’s nerve cells causing memory loss. Alzheimer’s is one of the top leading causes of death in the United States. Named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative disorder that attacks the brain’s nerve cellsRead MoreNew Research On Alzheimer s Disease1405 Words   |  6 Pagesremembering, and reasoning, to such an extent that it interferes with an individual’s daily life and activities. It varies in severity from the mildest stage, when it is just beginning to affect a person’s functioning, to the most severe stage, when the person must depend completely on others for basic activities of daily living. Alzheimer’s disease received its name from Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer observed changes in the brain tissue of a woman who had died of an unusual mental illness

Aum Shinrikyo And The Events - 1145 Words

AUM SHINRIKYO AND THE EVENTS LEADING TO THE 1995 TOKYO SUBWAY SARIN ATTACKS SSG JENNIFER A. BALLARD CBRN SLC CLASS 03-13 SGL: SFC MACRI Abstract This paper will explore research results done through the internet and through published books on the background of the cult group Aum Shinrikyo, now known as the group Aleph, and several other Sarin gas attacks, to include the terrorist attack on the Tokyo subway on 20 March 1995. There is a lot of speculation and questions surrounding this cult group, which will be discussed later, who started out as a peaceful yoga group by the founder and his wife, turn into a radical doomsday cult religion capable of not one but several chemical terrorists acts towards their own countrymen. According†¦show more content†¦The articles focus on the beginnings of the group as a peaceful yoga group and lead up to the most recent events with the chemical attacks of the Tokyo subway systems. Shoko Asahara, who was born Chizuo Matsumoto, during his stay in India in 1986, while he was on various religious retreats in the Himalayan Mountains, claimed to have found enlightenment and upon his re turn to Japan founded the group Aum Shinrikyo in 1987. The group started out with a small following from the yoga studio, Aum Shinsen-no kai, he and his wife, Kazuko, owned and operated. Eventually word starting spreading about his so-called â€Å"teachings of the supreme truth† (World Religions and Spirituality Project VCU, Jackie Fowler, 2001). Asahara claimed that he had the power to read minds and because of his enlightenment, claimed to have visions or prophesies, as he would call them, about future events. Asahara started preaching sermons about how his â€Å"visions† showed him that the world would end by the turn of the 21st century and that the only survivors would be Aum Shinrikyo members themselves. The group was so obsessed with Armageddon that it went so far as to try to make it happen themselves. In March 1993, Asahara gave orders to start production of Sarin gas

Military Psychology Free Essays

Military Psychology Military psychology is a broad market of psychology in which virtually any and all subfields of psychology where the lessons of personality, organizational and abnormal psychology among others are applied to the needs or desires of military planners and strategists. Reasons for their application may be immediate or sustained. The application of psychological research or theory to the military can be used to analyze either enemy or friendly forces, exemplified by perfecting an attack on an enemy or strengthening the weakness of an ally. We will write a custom essay sample on Military Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now By extension, military psychology could be used to examine the differences in attitude to the battlefield in terms of philosophy and execution of operations. The field has developed its greatest recognition through the variably sustained or ineffective post-combat programs for troubled veterans. Conditions like â€Å"shell shock† and â€Å"post-traumatic stress disorder† (PTSD) have figured prominently in the development of military therapy programs. Strategically, intelligence and personality testing have been applied to placement exams for prospective military recruits. The events of World War I had a formative effect on the application of psychology to the realities of the battlefield, giving the nascent field crucial legitimacy. Co-founder of the British Psychological Society and the National Institute of Industrial Psychology, Dr. Charles Myers, was selected as the primary advisor on psychological matters to the British armies in France during the war. His work is considered foundational and he himself describes in statements that it was a frustrating endeavor to have British military elite recognize the legitimacy of his claims that soldiers deserved psychological consideration for their inability and perceived unwillingness to perform in battle. Coining the term â€Å"shell shock,† he engraved an enduring term into historical consciousness that defines the apparent psychological damage inflicted by war. The term today is the most recognizable in defining so-called â€Å"combat stress reactions† (CSRs) which entail extreme battle fatigue and subsequent poor performance in war. Simultaneously, American psychologist Robert Yerkes initiated widespread intelligence and aptitude testing in the American military by devising standard intelligence tests for literate and illiterate recruits, given the names Army Alpha and Army Beta tests respectively. The tests analyzed recruits’ ability to draw analogies, recognize patterns and perform arithmetic, among other tests, in order to judge their intelligence regardless of their formal educational backgrounds. The dramatic rise in recruits with World War II provoked a massive effort to streamline draftees. Based on the experiences beginning with World War I testing, several committees and divisions were created devoted to evaluation and placement on a psychological basis. The massive effort analyzed roughly 800,000 new soldiers every year during World War II, having a tremendous influence on the development of organizational and industrial psychology. The systemic methodology played well into the 1950s as veterans returned to the workforce or advanced their own businesses on a similarly organized recruitment and placement model. The tests, developed in conjunction with the Committee on Classification of Military Personnel, constituted the next stage in the evolution of American military aptitude tests. They replaced the earlier Alpha and Beta tests, and laid the foundations for the standard ASVAB test used by the American armed forces as of 2011. The uncertainty and anxiety of the Vietnamese theater gave rise to new levels of battle-induced psychological problems, most prominently in post-traumatic stress disorder. The support system for American veterans, particularly sufferers of this condition, is notorious in American culture and often criticized. Many argue the American military has demonstrated it has learned the appropriate lessons from the mismanagement of the PTSD outbreak after the Vietnam War. A stronger cultural support structure for returning American veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan is thought to have displaced cultural hostility, and advances in clinical psychology have been referenced. The use of psychology to intimidate or analyze the weaknesses of an enemy has been called â€Å"psychological warfare. Additionally, practical applications like individual profiling and organizational psychology techniques have devised studies on enemy commanders, even their methodology, and guided philosophy in making decisions about war. This application has been applied with equal vigor to perceived allies, such as comparative analyses between American and NATO military commands. Hesitation and ambiguity have been pointed to as crucial weaknesses in European military culture, whereas American commanders have been cited as quicker and less reluctant to use force to accomplish a mission. Simultaneously, American commanders have been criticized for institutionalizing a tendency to diminish the importance of the aftermath of military operations and the threat the resulting social conditions may constitute against consolidating military gains. Military psychology is a broad area of psychology where the lessons of personality, organizational and abnormal psychology among others are applied to the needs or desires of military planners and strategists. Reasons for their application may be immediate or sustained. The application of psychological research or theory to the military can be used to analyze either enemy or friendly forces, exemplified by perfecting an attack on an enemy or strengthening the weakness of an ally. By extension, military psychology could be used to examine the differences in attitudes to the battlefield in terms of philosophy and execution of operations. The field has developed its greatest recognition through the variably sustained or ineffective post-combat programs for troubled veterans. Conditions like â€Å"shell shock† and â€Å"post-traumatic stress disorder† (PTSD) have figured prominently in the development of military therapy programs. Strategically, intelligence and personality testing have been applied to placement exams for perspective military recruits. The events of World War I had a formative effect on the application of psychology to the realities of the battlefield, giving the nascent field crucial legitimacy. Cofounder of the British Psychological Society and the National Institute of Industrial Psychology, Dr. Charles Myers, was selected as the primary advisor on psychological matters to the British armies in France during the war. His work is considered foundational and he himself describes in statements that it was a frustrating endeavor to have British military elite recognize the legitimacy of his claims that soldiers deserved psychological consideration for their inability and perceived unwillingness to perform in battle. Coining the term â€Å"shell shock,† he engraved an enduring term into historical consciousness that defines the apparent psychological damage inflicted by war. The term today is the most recognizable in defining so-called â€Å"combat stress reactions† (CSRs) which entail extreme battle fatigue and subsequent poor performance in war. Simultaneously, American psychologist Robert Yerkes initiated widespread intelligence and aptitude testing in the American military by devising standard intelligence tests for literate and illiterate recruits, given the renown Army Alpha and Army Beta tests respectively. The tests analyzed recruits’ ability to draw nalogies, recognize patterns and perform arithmetic among other tests in a way to judge one’s intelligence regardless of their formal educational backgrounds. The dramatic rise in recruits with World War II provoked a massive effort to streamline draftees. Based on the experiences beginning with World War I testing, several committees and divisions were created devoted to evaluation and placement on a psychological basis. The massive effort analyzed roughly 800,000 new soldiers e very year during World War II, having a tremendous influence on the development of organizational and industrial psychology. The systemic methodology played well into the 1950s as veterans returned to the workforce or advanced their own businesses on a similarly organized recruitment and placement model. The tests, developed in conjunction with the Committee on Classification of Military Personnel, constituted the next stage in the evolution of American military aptitude tests. They replaced the earlier Alpha and Beta tests, plus laid the foundations for the standard ASVAB test used by the American armed forces as of 2011. The uncertainty and anxiety of the Vietnamese theater gave rise to new levels of battle-induced psychological problems, most prominently in post-traumatic stress disorder. The support system for American veterans, particularly sufferers of this condition, is notorious in American culture and often criticized. Many argue the American military has demonstrated it has learned the appropriate lessons from the mismanagement of the PTSD outbreak after the Vietnam War. A stronger cultural support structure for returning American veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan is thought to have displaced cultural hostility, plus advances in clinical psychology have been referenced. The use of psychology to intimidate or analyze the weaknesses of an enemy has been called â€Å"psychological warfare. † Additionally, practical applications like individual profiling and organizational psychology techniques have devised studies on enemy commanders, even their methodology and guiding philosophy in making decisions about war. This application has been applied with equal vigor to perceived allies, such as comparative analyses between American and NATO military commands. Hesitation and ambiguity have been pointed to as crucial weaknesses in European military culture, whereas American commanders have been cited as quicker and less reluctant to use force to accomplish a mission. Simultaneously, American commanders have been criticized for institutionalizing a tendency to diminish the importance of the aftermath of military operations and the threat the resulting social conditions may constitute against consolidating military gains. How to cite Military Psychology, Essay examples

The Roles of Customers and Their Behaviour During Service Interactions

Introduction Customers react differently to various products and services within the market. This is influenced by their cultural backgrounds and their understanding of how a particular product works. It is important for firms to understand consumer behaviour and how it affects their consumption trends regarding a particular service or product.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Roles of Customers and Their Behaviour During Service Interactions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The service sector has become more complex and competitive and this has made the focus more directed toward meeting the needs of consumers. Firms have realised the importance of ensuring that the services they offer provide value to their customers. It is important for business enterprises to understand ways in which they can influence the behaviour and attitudes of their consumers toward their services in a positive manner. Customers and their behaviours have a huge role to play during service interactions. Customer Behaviour and Perceptions Lovelock, Patterson and Wirtz (2010, p. 44) argue that the user experience of a service has an effect on the behaviour of that customer within the market place where the service is provided. Several things have brought about changes within the service industry; for example, the relationships the employees of a firm have with the customers when they are providing the service, has a big impact on consumer behaviour. The initial impression created by an employee on a consumer when providing the service can influence negatively or positively, the customer’s perceptions. The way the service is delivered to the customer influences his or her perceptions regarding that particular product. A firm should ensure that the point where its service is offered is convenient for its customers and makes it easy for them to use it. The systems that are used for operating the service and de livering it to the customers should be efficient. These systems need to be suitable for the functions that they have been designed for to ensure that the customer’s experience of the service is pleasant. The systems should offer customers knowledge on how best to use the services that are being provided for their maximum satisfaction (Lovelock, Patterson Wirtz 2010, pp. 59-64). They should also be well equipped to deal with gaps in knowledge that exist within the clientele. Services that require technical know-how should be simplified to make it easy for the customers to access them. Firms should provide additional technical support to their customers on how they can use such services.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The interaction between a company and its customers is vital in helping to sustain positive and strong relationships. Bowden (2009, pp. 65-69) argues th at customer service employees within a firm should be able to understand the way customers make decisions within that given market. Customers need to be given adequate information regarding how a service works and the needs it is likely to satisfy. They should also be made to understand how that particular service is better than the alternatives, which are offered by the firm’s competitors. This information can be crucial in helping a customer to reach a positive conclusion regarding a service and if it meets his or her expectations. Customers act well within an environment where the perceived risk that occurs after using a particular product is minimal. A firm should have effective ways of handling customer’s complaints because they have an impact on consumer behaviour and perceptions regarding a service. Since there can be inconsistencies in the way the service operates, customers’ feedback is important in evaluating how a service performs in the market. Genui ne complaints by a customer should be resolved to ensure that he or she feels positive about the service. This boosts brand loyalty and encourages consumers to make a particular product their preference. Customer satisfaction is vital in ensuring that the perceptions of a customer toward the service that he is using remain positive (Wells Foxall 2012, pp. 73-75). A customer is likely to cherish a service that allows him or her to solve his problems or satisfy his needs. The perceptions of customers regarding the quality of service that is offered should be carefully analysed by the management for the organisation to create strong relationships with its customers. The level of competition in the service sector has become cutthroat and this requires business firms to evaluate the quality of the service they offer to their clients. According to Khatibi, Thyagarajan and Ahmad (2002, p. 27), the quality of a service depends on its ability to satisfy clients’ expectations. It also depends on the firm’s capacity to create an atmosphere that inspires confidence and trust among the customers. It is necessary for firms to evaluate the quality of the services they offer their clients to know whether they are on track or not. This evaluation can only be done through assessment of customers’ feedback and responses after they have used the service. Service products are intangible and firms cannot assess their quality and suitability in the market without engaging their customers. Customers can measure the attributes of a service more appropriately and can help a firm to understand whether it meets their desired standards.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Roles of Customers and Their Behaviour During Service Interactions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Customers are the targeted users of any service and they provide the necessary critical and diverse opinions regarding how a ser vice functions. For the customer feedback to be successful, firms should encourage their employees to improve their interactions with clients. Interaction with the customers helps the employees to understand the problems they are facing and how they can be resolved (Lin, Sher Shih 2005, p. 326). Employees must be trained to ensure that the quality of the services that are made available to the customers meets their expectations. Lovelock and Wirtz (2011, pp. 102-106) emphasise that the gap between what the customer expects and what he or she experiences while using the service should be narrowed. This is the only way through which a firm’s service can be able to meet the demands of its users. Customers’ opinions and feedback provide a good background through which a firm a can understand their preferences and behaviour. Firms can come up with concepts, which reflect the preferences of their customers to ensure that the service offered responds to their needs. The impr ovements to be made on a service can be obtained from the input customers offer to a firm in form of opinions and feedback. Companies can be able to formulate effective business strategies, which can be used to position their services within their target markets. The human factor during service interactions is critical in influencing consumer behaviour and attitudes toward a particular service. Customers associate the behaviour of the employees of a firm to the product itself and this creates a bias in the way they perceive the company as well as its commodities. Positive customer care initiatives by employees can make the clients regard the service as reliable and worth his or her money (Rogelberg, Barnes-Farrell, Creamer 1999, p. 425). Negative attitudes regarding the employees of a firm by the customers are likely to affect the perceptions they have of that service. Employees who are in direct contact with customers need to set priorities regarding the best way customers’ expectations can be achieved by the service being offered to them. The firm should understand the services it offers and the way it can make them stand out in the market. The firm should have a unique aspect in its offering, which makes its service resonate well with the expectations of its target customers (Rogelberg, Barnes-Farrell, Creamer 1999, p. 429). A business enterprise must identify the profile of its clients in terms of age, economic status, cultural background and gender, to understand their behaviour and attitudes toward the service it offers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This helps the firm to structure the attributes of its product by considering the behaviour and attitudes of the consumers. In this way, a firm is able to generate suitable marketing ideas that could assist it to improve the quality of services offered to its clients. Conclusion In conclusion, it is vital for a firm to understand the behaviour of its customers and their perceptions toward the services that it offers to them. This helps the firm to establish the necessary customer loyalty within the market it serves. An effective relationship between a firm and its clients helps a firm to evaluate the value its service has within a particular market. References Bowden, JLH 2009, ‘The process of customer engagement: a conceptual framework’,  Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, vol. 17, no 1, pp. 63-74. Khatibi, AA, Thyagarajan, V Ahmad MI 2002, ‘Consumer perceptions on service quality of telemarketing in Malaysia’, Journal of Social Science, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 25-31. Rogelberg, SG, Barnes-Farrell, JL Creamer, V 1999, Customer service behaviour: the interaction of service predisposition and job characteristics’, Journal of Business and Psychology, vol. 13, no.3, pp. 421-435. Lin, CH, Sher PJ Shih, HY 2005,‘Past progress and future directions in conceptualizing customer perceived value’, International Journal of Service Industry Management, vol.16 , no. 4, pp. 318-336. Lovelock, C Wirtz, J 2011, Services marketing: people, technology, strategy, 7th edn, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Lovelock, CH, Patterson, PG Wirtz, J 2010, Services marketing: an Asia-Pacific and Australian perspective, 5th edn, Pearson Australia, Sydney. Wells, V Foxall, G 2012, Handbook of developments in consumer behaviour, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham. This essay on The Roles of Customers and Their Behaviour During Service Interactions was written and submitted by user Travis Golden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.